The Domestication of Trash Pandas

Recently, my daughter's best friend sent me an NPR video about how raccoons could be the next animal domesticated by humans.  She knew I'd have thoughts on this as she knows I worked with raccoons years ago at the San Diego Wild Animal Park when I was a wild animal trainer for the "Rare & Wild America" show. She's heard my stories about these rascals stealing hair ties and barrettes, unzipping zippers, and frisking you anytime you tried to work around them.  Raccoons are smart, cagey, defiant, and deceptively cute.  Raccoons can also be aggressive and scary, something all the folks posting adorable videos of "trash pandas" seem to forget.  These are still wild animals and raccoons remain the most frequently reported rabid animal in the United States.  Raccoons are not to be trifled with by the inexperienced looking for a photo op on Instagram.  Nonetheless, I watched the video she sent me and I'd like to add my two cents worth.  If you missed the video, here's the link to the story:  https://www.npr.org/2025/12/22/nx-s1-5637566/pet-raccoon-science-history-future

A researcher in Arkansas hypothesized that raccoons are undergoing "self-domestication" in urban areas because she believes that urbanization kick-starts the domestication process.  Whether it's the domestication of dogs, cats, or cows, the process of domestication results in physical changes for the animals undergoing domestication.  Humans select animals who possess the traits that they prefer.  In dogs, for example, we selected for friendlier individuals, choosing to invest our time and resources in pups that weren't afraid of us and were able to work alongside us.  One physical trait associated with domestication is a shrinking/shortening of the nose (someone really should have told collies about that fact, but I digress). The author of the study stated that researchers weren't sure why smaller snouts are associated with domestication, but that's not entirely true.  We do know why noses get smaller.  It's all about selecting for traits that make animals "cuter" or more baby-like.  Button noses are cute, whether they are on a human baby or a kitten. There is a name for this biological process whereby animals retain juvenile characteristics into adulthood and it is neoteny.

Neoteny can be seen everyday.  Those tiny little features on the face of a human infant help bond them to their mother and other caregivers.  Those same tiny features are seen in the faces of kittens and puppies too and we've selected for those same features to be carried on into our adult cats and dogs.  Cats are developing larger foreheads, dogs are getting shorter noses and bigger eyes, characteristics seen in juvenile animals of any species. It's all about what humans select for and we have a tendency to select those individual animals that look like babies we can care for.

Okay, back to the raccoon study.  The researchers in this study looked at thousands of photographs of raccoons living in rural and wild areas and compared their snout size/length to photos of urban raccoons.  What did they find?  They found smaller snouts on the urban living raccoons, a sure sign that domestication is happening. From this they concluded that perhaps one day, raccoons might be kept as pets, much like dogs and cats are now.

All I know is this:  Raccoons have a long way to go before I'd ever consider one as a pet.  I do know wildlife rehab folks who care for injured, abandoned, and neglected wild animals.  Some are released back into the wild while others must live out their lives in various levels of confinement due to permanent injuries, loss of limbs, or other disabilities.  The best wildlife rehab people build beautiful enclosures that give these animals a wonderful life, safe from predators, including cars. These animals are allowed to be animals, though they often become acclimated to their human caretakers, interacting with them and other species of animals, much like the animals I worked with years ago at the Wild Animal Park.  It makes for entertaining videos and a good way to learn about wildlife.  Here's one of my favorite wildlife rehab folks (she does have raccoons, as well as foxes, and opossums, and a skunk):  https://www.instagram.com/juniperfoxx/

Anyone out there ever had a wild animal as a pet?  I've met folks who had wolves, ferrets, and yes,  raccoons.  Would love if you shared your stories with all of us.  

As always, if you have questions about your pet's behavior, you know where to find me.

Here's one of my favorite pictures from my Wild Animal Park days.  This is my friend, Michele, and me with Ralph and Betty, our raccoons.  These animals, along with a fox, wolf, a couple black bears, lynx, bobcat, and three opossums, just to name a few, were the animals we trained and cared for.  You'll notice no dangly earrings (Ralph and Betty would have stolen them), and Betty has a hold on one of Michele's buttons.  She was bravely wearing a watch!

Something To Talk About

Do you talk to your dog in full sentences?  Do you tell them all about your day, asking them questions about theirs as well?  You're not alone.  While I think we all realize that our dogs can't answer us back (though we often fill in the conversational blanks for them, right?), we continue to converse with them on and off all day long.  You do this, I do this, and a large proportion of dog owners around the world do it too.  Seems there is actually something to this, according to science.

When we carry on our one-sided conversations with our dogs, it triggers the same activity in our brains as conversations with other humans do. Meaning, our brains process those Q & A sessions with our dogs as real conversations. These verbal interactions with our dogs are a form of social bonding akin to having a conversation with another human being. For folks like me who live alone, these conversations are actually life-affirming.  Studies show a 31% decreased rate of depression for those who lived alone with dogs versus those who lived alone without them.  This doesn't mean that dogs are a substitute for human contact, but rather amazingly that they are the same as far as our brain is concerned.  When you talk to your dogs, even though they don't talk back, your brain believes you've made a real social connection, building those neural pathways.  Studies have demonstrated that when we talk to our dogs in full sentences, our bodies experience an increase in oxytocin (the "love hormone") and a decrease in cortisol (the "stress hormone").  Our dogs don't have to talk back to us; their eye contact, proximity to us, attentive behavior, and active listening register as real social engagement to our nervous system.

Dog owners living alone often get teased for having conversations with their dogs.  They are told how silly it looks when clearly dogs don't talk back. But here's the thing:  Dogs do communicate with us and their attentiveness and desire to interact with us is the way they do it.  Ask any dog owner and they'll tell you:  Dogs communicate very clearly with us through body language cues.  If it's dinner time and you've not made your way to the kitchen, they'll try to lead you there. And if you ask them if it's time or if they are hungry, their response is quite clearly yes, via a game of canine charades! I often find my conversations with my dogs more rewarding than some of my social interactions with other people during the day, and I don't believe that's just me.  Dogs don't judge the way so many people we encounter do.  

So, just keep chatting away with your dogs.  They appreciate when you do and your brain and body are reaping all kinds of long term health benefits. Just because you want to stay home and hang out with your dog doesn't make you anti-social. On the contrary, you're engaging in equivalent social bonding with your canine companions. And you can quote me on that.

As always, if you have questions about your pet's behavior, you know where to find me. I'll be here, talking to my dogs.

Nobody listens better than Henley.  He follows me around, hanging on my every word.  If I'm working and not talking to anyone, he'll come over, nose me, and look me straight in the eye as he's doing in this photo. Just look at that eye contact and attentive listening.  No, I don't have treats in my hand.  This is just a sweet dog engaged in social bonding with his human.

Puppy Love

I've got four clients right now who are preparing for the arrival of spring or early summer puppies.  They've put down their deposits with the breeders they've chosen and are anxiously awaiting the arrival of their newest canine family members. I worked with each of them on the process as these four clients are unique:  They all worked with me with a previous dog who had serious behavior problems rooted in anxiety and aggression.  Each wanted to avoid ever having to go through that again, if they could help it.  They told me how helpful they felt it was for me to break down the process for them, giving them guidelines for choosing a breeder, and then, for choosing their puppy. Because of that, I figured it was time to share that same information here, just in case you are gearing up for puppy fever too.

First, you certainly don't have to work with a breeder to acquire a puppy. I will say, however, that working with a reputable, knowledgeable breeder or fancier can make the puppy selection process a bit more reliable.  When you instead choose to acquire a puppy at a shelter, rescue, or an online marketplace (e.g. Craig's List or a puppy broker), you are going to have a harder time getting any of the background information that you need on the dam and sire (i.e. the puppy's mom and dad), especially with regard to their physical and mental health.  You also won't be able to check references and talk to other people who acquired a puppy from this same person.  You will have to rely on the limited experiences noted by the shelter, foster, or Craig's List seller. And if you are using a puppy broker, you will find that the information you are given is even more limited because these folks just move puppies between puppy mills and prospective pet owners, despite their frequent protestations to the contrary. 

How do you even find a reputable breeder?  Sure, you can go on the AKC's website and research breeders, but remember that just being on that website doesn't insure that the puppies produced by that breeder are going to meet your needs.  Instead, I encourage prospective puppy owners to talk to breeders in person at dog shows where you can see them with their dogs and then interact with them online via social media.  So many breeders use Facebook and Instagram to show off their puppies, dogs, show results, and breeding programs.  Interacting with them and their followers who are often previous or current owners of their dogs, allows you to see, follow, and ask questions of real owners of the breed (and breeder) you are interested in. Look for lots of transparency on their breeding program.

Let's get one thing straight:  All puppies are cute.  No question about that.  So, you need to coach yourself to look beyond the cute and really analyze the way the puppies you are following on a breeder's account are being raised.  Even before the puppies are born, you want to look at the dam and sire and see how they themselves are being raised and engaged. Are they always shown running around outside in a pen with a bunch of other dogs, or are they also shown camped out in the kitchen or on a bed, sofa, or someone's lap?  Are they only shown at dog shows, or are they also shown running agility, competing in flyball, or doing nosework? How many litters has the breeder produced?  How often are they breeding their dog(s)?  All of this is just as important to the puppy choosing process. You want your puppy's parents to have been cherished members of your breeder's family, not money-making, puppy-producing machines.  You want to feel comfortable knowing that your puppy's mama was fed properly while pregnant, protected from stress and strain, and regularly evaluated by a veterinary professional. Puppies born to stressed out moms come into this world already challenged behaviorally.  Puppies born to well-adjusted, happy,  and physically sound mothers come into this world with brains that are pliable and open, not already challenged with stress hormones.

Once you've found a breeder that you are comfortable with, and you like the way that they raise and care for their adult dogs, it's time for you to look at the way that they prepare their puppies to go to their new homes. I seek out breeders who use the "Puppy Culture" approach to raising puppies.  This approach focuses on the science behind socialization and training. It fosters emotional resiliency and brain development.  It encourages puppies to reach their full potential from birth to 12 weeks of age through appropriate behavioral challenges and physical challenges.  Even newborn puppies should be handled, stimulated, and exposed to new experiences. This program also includes exercises that prepare puppies for house training, crate training, and checks for resource guarding. Puppies who complete Puppy Culture programs are inquisitive, resilient, and well-prepared for that move from their breeder's home to yours. You really do need to critically expand the way you think about puppy raising beyond just "my puppy was lovingly raised in the breeder's home" to "my puppy was raised to be confident, curious, and successful in their loving breeder's home."

Finally, when you get to the point where you are going to the breeder's home to choose your puppy (and, yes, I think you need to go to their home and choose your puppy), you will likely be one of several people there to pick out their next canine family member. Breeders often have their list of prospective puppy owners, those in line for female puppies, those in line for male puppies, and/or those in line for either sex, but with more concerns about coat color, for example, or temperament. I'm always going to advise you not to choose your puppy based on their coat color or sex, but rather to look at their temperament and the way they engage you when you meet them.  And if you want to do a bit of temperament testing of those puppies on your own, especially if your breeder doesn't use the Puppy Culture program, then please revisit one of my previous blog posts on the subject of temperament testing for prospective puppy owners here:

https://juliebondanimalbehaviorist.blogspot.com/2021/06/pick-of-litter.html

While I'm not currently in the market for a new puppy myself, I am closely following a litter of collies that is due this month.  The dam and sire of this litter are actually Zelly's parents, so these pups will be full siblings to my daughter's sweet, adolescent collie. I can't wait to see these puppies develop and watch them thrive in those first weeks under the watchful eye of my friend and her pack of sweet, well-adjusted adult collies, including Zelly's grandmother.  If I'm lucky, I'll get a chance to visit with my friend before these puppies go off to their new homes.  That puppy fix should last me until I'm ready for my next collie puppy of my own, right?

As always, if you have questions about your pet's behavior, you know where to find me.

Here's baby Henley in a photo sent to me by his breeder.  He looks pretty comfortable and content on that dog bed. Henley was the last puppy to go home because I needed get all of my ducks in a row to drive up to Washington state to pick him up.  Ozzie and Westley made that road trip with my daughter and me and it is a trip filled with a lot of fond memories.

Quality Over Quantity

Earlier this week, I had the pleasure of guest lecturing to a group of young adults in a college introductory psychology course.  Their instructor is someone whose pet I treated right before the pandemic.  At that time, she asked me if I ever did guest lectures, and if so, would I speak to one of her intro psych classes.  I told her I did and would love to, but then I didn't hear from her, not really a surprise given the changes to education that occurred during the COVID-19 shutdown.  Fast forward to this year and the request to come engage with her students this semester!  She told me that she had three copies of my book in her office and several of the students in her class actually borrowed the books from her to get a better idea of who I was and maybe formulate some questions for me after my presentation on animal learning theory.  I was even more excited to hear what kinds of questions they came up with after reading my memoir.

There were about 75 students in the class, but an additional 30 heard about the lecture and asked to sit in as well which meant a lecture hall for my presentation, instead of a classroom.  I actually got butterflies in my stomach as I've not stood at the front of a lecture hall in over thirty years!  Classrooms yes, big lecture halls?  That was a flashback experience for sure. I really enjoy talking about how animals learn, so once I got started, the butterflies disappeared and we were off and and running.

When I took my first animal learning course at UC Davis back in the 1980's, it was primarily a historical perspective class, with a very dry textbook that covered all of the pioneers in learning theory (think Thorndike, Pavlov, and Skinner). Now when I talk about animal learning, I like to present the topic from a "look how far we've come" perspective.  For me, the joy comes in introducing students to the new pioneers in the field like Alexandra Horowitz, James Serpell, Clive Wynne, and Zazie Todd.  I brought books by these authors just so the students could peruse them and perhaps make notes on ones to get for themselves. 

For a lot of intro to psych students, a guest lecture like mine will be their one and only foray into the world of animal behavior.  Most of the students taking the class are there for units outside of their major, or because they have an interest in human psychology, or because they thought the class would be easy!  By the end of the class, I felt like there was at least a handful of students who could see there was so much more to the world of psychology than they'd thought when they walked into that lecture hall.  

Even more than my lecture, I really enjoyed the questions when I was through.  They ran the gamut from philosophical (why choose a field like this instead of being a veterinarian or professor) to practical (how can you treat the animal mind when they can't really tell you what they are feeling). I could tell the kids who'd read my book because they shared knowing looks when those questions were asked.  I did have a favorite question, however, and it's one that took me by surprise.  I asked the student after class if I could share her question with all of you and she was quite pleased to be asked, immediately saying yes!

Her question was actually quite personal.  She really wants a dog as she's just moved into an apartment that allows pets. Her concern was that, as a student, she didn't have the resources to care for a dog "the way they should be cared for."  I asked her to elaborate, thinking she was going to point to limited funds for veterinary care; I was wrong.  She was afraid that because she couldn't buy expensive dog food, dog beds, and dog toys like she saw other dog owners doing all over social media, that she shouldn't have a dog.  She made sure I knew that she could afford veterinary care because her parents would help her with that as long as she kept up her grades and worked part-time. I was impressed as I could tell she'd thought about this quite a bit.  Here's what I told her:  Quality over quantity.  Dogs don't need expensive dog food, dog beds, or a million toys.  Some dogs don't even play with toys!  My first dog, Shadow, slept on a folded blanket, up against a corduroy study pillow, covered in a fitted sheet that I could wash to keep the "dog bed" clean for her.  She didn't play with toys much, but would occasionally play with an old tennis ball or squeaky toy handed down from a friend's dog.  As for food, she ate out of one of my bowls and what I could afford:  Purina from the grocery store. Was she a happy dog?  Yes.  Not because she had all of the most expensive things, but because I paid attention to her.  I made her puzzles out of boxes from the recycle bin. I walked her. I brushed her. I took her with me everywhere I could.  Quality over quantity. My dogs now are quite spoiled by comparison. Do I think they are any happier or any better off than Shadow?  Absolutely not.  Dogs are happy with whatever we give them. They are content to have us, whatever that looks like.  It's what makes them such ideal companions.  They don't judge us by our pocketbooks or bottom lines.  They want our love most of all and giving love to a dog is something we all can afford to do.

She seemed relieved by my answer and wanted to know a bit more about building her own puzzles, so she walked with me to my car and we talked a bit more about that.  I hope she sends me a picture of the dog she finds for herself.  I think that's going to be one lucky dog.

As always, if you have questions about your pet's behavior, you know where to find me.

Shadow wearing the bandana we found at a flea market for 50 cents. It was her favorite. She had quite the collection by the time she crossed the rainbow bridge because people always gave them to her.  She'd take them gently when you handed them to her and we'd put them in a basket by her bed. She wore a bandana every day she lived with me, choosing one for herself in the morning.  They were like a security blanket for her. She'd pull them up into her mouth and nibble at them if she was anxious, an interesting behavior I discovered when I gave her her first bandana, a dark blue one we'd found in a parking lot on our first day together. I still have her bandana collection. I've never had another dog who enjoyed wearing them the way that she did.

All My Friends Are Dogs...

Not really, though I do spend a lot of time with dogs and I definitely consider many of them to be my friends.  I do, however, still have human friends and human family members that I choose to spend time with, making me fortunate for sure. The importance of dogs in people's lives has changed quite a bit over the years.  Right now, half of all households here in the U.S. have a dog and 51% of those households say that their dog is just as much a family member as the humans are.  I most certainly fall into that 51% as I, too, believe that my dogs are beloved family members.  They are included in family activities and their comfort and enjoyment are considered when looking at everything from which coffee shop to frequent, to the hike we choose to take, and where we vacation.

Back in 2020, Mark Cushing wrote a book called "Pet Nation" which I found as fascinating as it was sobering. He proposed that the rise of the internet led to people being more profoundly lonely, thus pushing them to focus their attention more intensely on their pets, forcing those pets to fill roles previously held by other humans. I, myself, think that the pandemic lockdown is what really led to people loving their dogs so intensely; I believe that the pandemic and the way the government treated the populace during this period in our history, is what led to our disinterest with society as a whole and our distrust of other people.  We weren't so much lonely as we were disenchanted.

So, is our obsession with our dogs a displacement behavior on our part, a way of showing our discontent with other humans and society in general?  Personally, I believe that our relationship with our pets is often more rewarding than our relationships with other people.  I see this all the time with my clients: They tell me that they love their pet despite his/her (fill in the blank behavior problem) because said pet is less judgy, more supportive, and more unconditionally loving than the people in their lives.  This is actually born out by a 2025 study that found that people rated their pets as more supportive than the humans in their lives.  But is this putting too much pressure on our pets to fill our social needs?  Are we forcing them to try to fix problems that are simply beyond their capabilities?  Is that the real reason for the increase in pet behavior problems?

As our trust in other humans has declined, we avoid conversations with strangers and colleagues alike, fearing that they will go poorly, as we expect the worst, and this has put pressure on our pets to fill that void. We are all spending more time at home; we have streaming platforms for entertainment, no need to go to the movies. We can order food and groceries to be delivered, so no need to go out at all, especially if we work from home. And who's there with us?  Our pets. While it is certainly true that dog ownership can reduce some social pressures and help fight monotony in our daily lives as they encourage us to get up, get out, and get some exercise and fresh air, us expecting them to do so can actually hurt dogs.  Dogs who don't leave the house much because their humans are off at work, often suffer from boredom-related behavior problems.  Some of them are forced to be physically uncomfortable during the days when their humans are off at work and they can't get outside to relieve themselves or stretch their legs. I'm not saying this to make working pet owners feel guilty; I'm saying this so we all see the dark side to keeping our pets confined to our homes, anxiously awaiting our return, solely for our enjoyment.

Perhaps it's time we all rethink family life, work life, and you know what?  Society as a whole.  We need to make resources for quality of life more accessible to all.  I don't want a return to the 1950's.  On the contrary, the people I know who lived during that time period don't think it was all that great for the average American.  Rather, I think we need to make our future about supporting one another, developing meaningful and rewarding human relationships built on trust and mutual respect.  Those mutually beneficial human relationships free from judgment and characterized by unconditional love would take a lot of pressure off of our pets, allowing them to thrive too.  All I know is that we need to do something before the world as we know it is beyond repair and unsafe for anyone, including our beloved dogs.

As always, if you have questions about your pet's behavior, you know where to find me.

Our current canine family members. 

How Many Dogs Is Too Many?

When I was a kid, I wanted a dog so badly that I badgered my parents daily (not kidding) until they finally relented when I was seven years old. Figuring I was on a roll, I did ask for a second dog and my parents shot that down emphatically, saying that when I was a grownup I could have “as many dogs as I wanted.” I took them at their word and got my first dog all of my own while still in college and just kept adding from there. That first dog was the gateway drug, so to speak, to a life devoted to dogs, my own and other people's.

I've had as few as just one dog, and as many as four dogs, at a time in my home. We had four dogs when the kids were little and I probably should have had my head examined to have that many creatures depending on me for their care and keeping, LOL. For me, the sweet spot is two to three dogs, with one being a senior. Seniors seem to be rejuvenated with the activity and antics of younger dogs and having two younger dogs means having someone to play with when the human (invariably) is busy working or tending to the senior dog. I have friends with four or more dogs and I'm amazed at how not chaotic their homes are. I'm pretty sure that having four or more dogs would be chaos for me, but that's the point. Only you can decide how many dogs is right for you. Beyond the obvious pathology of people who hoard dogs (or cats), having a lot of animals to care for is a personal choice. You are the only person who knows what your capacity is for their care and keeping; the health and welfare of a lot of animals isn't cheap, that's for sure. But there is some science to support that less may be more. You knew I was going to bring in science, right?

Whether you will have harmony in your multi-dog home or chaos really depends on a couple of factors. The most important being, how sociable are your dogs? While dogs as a species are sociable, there are individual differences in that sociability. Some dogs are total social butterflies, flitting from dog to dog at the dog park or dog daycare, making new friends right and left. At the other end of the spectrum are dogs who are afraid or behave aggressively when they encounter another dog, whether that other dog is encountered on a walk, or at home. Then, of course, there are all of the dogs in between, those that enjoy the company of other dogs, but can self-regulate, moving away from interactions when they need a break. I think the best dogs to have in a multi-dog household are those dogs in between social butterfly and complete introvert. Basically, dogs who like other dogs, know how to share resources, and are able to set up good boundaries when they need space or time to themselves. And science does support this. Dogs who have social anxiety or who suffer from issues in aggression do not thrive in multi-dog households; they do better in homes where they are the only dog.

Don't get me wrong. Even in homes where the dogs do all get along with each other most of the time, there will still be skirmishes, small tiffs, and hurt feelings. That's normal. We don't always see eye to eye with our human family members either. My kids sure showed me what that looked like. As an only child whose sole “sibling” was that dog mentioned above, my kids had each other, for better or for worse. They got along for the most part, but every one in a while the fur would fly, demonstrating that siblings do have each other to wallop on as well. The same goes for dogs in multi-dog homes. They will, on occasion, growl, bark, snap, or even grab a canine housemate they think needs correcting. Oftentimes, this will be an older dog correcting a younger dog or puppy, but you will also see confrontations between similarly aged dogs. Oftentimes, these confrontations are over resources. Who is on the dog bed, and who wants that spot. Who has the bone, chew, or toy. Who is currently being petted by the human, and so on. Expect some grumbling in a multi-dog household and don't insert yourself in the drama; let your dogs sort it out on their own. If we insert ourselves too much, we end up causing more problems than we fix. My rule of thumb is no blood drawn, no one getting hurt? Let them solve it themselves. If it gets loud and doesn't seem to be resolving quickly, I might see if I can redirect them, or tell them to take it outside, at which point my dogs seem happy to move on. I know that's not the case in every home, but I'm grateful that it works in mine.

It's also important to remember that our own behavior affects the behavior we see in our dogs. For example, if you are petting one of your dogs and another approaches for attention too, resist the urge to pet them both. Just because you have two hands doesn't mean you should split your attention! Keep petting that first dog and don't allow another to usurp that attention. When you are done petting that first one, move on to whoever you want to pet next. It should never be the case that the pushiest, most obnoxious attention hog gets all of the attention. Make them wait. Tell them to sit or go lay down. Honestly...make them wait their turn. This takes the pressure off of the other dogs as they see that you have the dynamic under control, no need to snap at the dog trying to shove their way in when the human has the situation covered.

I think one of the hardest things to do is to make sure you are spending enough one-on-one time with each of your dogs in a multi-dog home. Yes, it's quality over quantity, but there are only so many hours in the day and you do need time for yourself as well. I walk my dogs together most days as that's what I have time for. I do wish I could walk each of them separately for the simple reason that when I do, they seem so happy to have been on a solo walk with me. So how do I give them one-on-one time? Well, Ozzie needs to do multiple sessions a day on his t-PEMF mat for his spine and joints. When he's on his mat, I put up a gate to that room so that Henley (and Zelly, if she's visiting) can see what we are doing, but have to remain at a distance. This allows Ozzie to fully relax on the mat, gaining all of the benefits t-PEMF therapy has to offer. I sit on the floor next to him so that he knows I'm there; I remind him by petting him gently. This is our quiet time together and I think he looks forward to it at much as I do. Henley is an active dog. His joy comes from playing games and learning new things, so I play fetch with him and tug-of-war, his two favorite games. I also work with him every day on tricks he knows and new ones I think up. He loves this. We do this when Ozzie is outside resting in the yard or sound asleep in another room. If Zelly is visiting, I put her in her crate with a bone or chew where she can watch and keep busy, but not insert herself. And when Zelly is here with me, she gets one-on-one time as well. I'll crate Henley with a bone, put Ozzie outside with his chew, and then work with her on tricks and new behaviors with a focus on teaching her self-control and calm execution of tasks. Ideal activities for a busy adolescent collie!

Now, you've probably figured out why I set a limit of less is more for myself when it comes to dog ownership! I just don't have enough hours in the day for more than this. At least not right now. I'm leaving my options open though. My parents did say I could have as many dogs as I wanted when I was a grownup. I figure I'll be a grownup soon.

As always, if you have questions about your pet's behavior, you know where to find me.

Perfectly content, resting together, side by side.  Ozzie prefers the cool, tile floor most of the time. If he wanted that dog bed, however, Henley would readily give it up.  We have dog beds in every room and Henley will use them all. He'll only grumble about giving up his spot on a bed if it's Zelly demanding it by pouncing on him when he just got comfy!

Revisiting Resource Guarding One More Time

In the last two weeks, I have seen six puppies under five months of age demonstrating resource guarding aggression toward their human family members.  While I have certainly seen quite a few resource guarding puppies over the years, to see so many in such a short period of time was a real red flag for me.  What is going on? Interestingly enough, every one of these puppies was a doodle of some kind.  I went back and did a broad search of my files and found that over the last ten years, the most common behavior problem I've treated in doodles has been resource guarding and/or resource guarding aggression. Interesting and unfortunate given the plethora of doodles that are out there in families right now. Regardless of this though, what could I suggest these puppy owners do to make things a bit safer in their homes? 

First and foremost, I needed to assess each home environment to determine if management was even possible.  All but one of these puppies belonged to a family with children under ten years of age. Typically, dealing with dogs who resource guard in home with children is difficult.  Kids are kids and they may not even recognize when a dog is resource guarding something until it is too late.  Even in homes where the family members know what to do when their dog is resource guarding, it may be the case that visitors or friends are caught unawares with catastrophic consequences. 

We've talked about this before:  Resource guarding per se isn't a bad thing.  We all resource guard our homes and cars by locking them up, adding alarms and cameras, and reporting any suspicious activity in our neighborhoods.  Now, I'm not saying you are going to escalate to biting an intruder on your property, but your resource guarding dog might!  And what if it's not an intruder but your daughter's boyfriend sneaking around outside of your house?  You get my drift.  How far your dog is willing to take their resource guarding is the question to be answered honestly.

Dogs are natural territorial guardians and protectors.  They are vigilant and watchful, noting changes that we might otherwise miss.  Some not only protect their home turf, but they protect the people there as well.  Others take it further, protecting their toys, beds, chews, bones, or food bowl.  Some even protect the spot where they are sitting or laying down, no bed required. It's one thing for a dog to defend their territory or favorite chew or toy from another dog, and it's quite another for them to defend those things from you, their beloved human family members. 

It's important to test for resource guarding behavior often and early with puppies.  Breeders can test for it by observing their litters of puppies for signs of resource guarding behavior between siblings and note how issues are settled between the pups.  If one puppy has a chew, for example, and a sibling approaches to try and take it, the interaction could go one of several ways. First, the puppy could give up what they have to their sibling.  They could hold onto it tightly, turning away or trying to move away with it.  They could stiffen over their prize and growl at their sibling to back off.  They could snap or bite at their sibling to discourage them as well.  Each of these possible outcomes says a lot about the puppy with the chew. Same goes for observing puppies around communal food and water bowls, beds, and when picked up or handled while resting. 

Even if your breeder did all of these things, you still have work to do when you bring your puppy home! Now that they will be living and learning without their siblings, it's up to you to continue to test for resource guarding.  The most common exercises that puppy owners are exposed to are those that test for resource guarding aggression around the food bowl.  Let's review that first.

Start with an empty bowl and give that to your puppy.  When they look up at you like, "What gives?! This bowl is empty!" add in about 1/8 cup of food (basically a small handful).  Give them a brief pat.  As long as they don't stiffen, growl, etc., you can add more food.  Pet them some more.  Still no stiffness or aggression? Rain some pennies from heaven, aka drop some yummy treats from above their head into the bowl.  Over the course of a week's worth of meals, add in more hovering, more petting, etc. just to make sure they aren't guardy or defensive around their food or the food bowl. If you notice any stiffening, growling, or worse, seek help before continuing!  Do not let your children practice these exercises unless you are certain your puppy does not resource guard their food or the bowl.  And, of course, supervise your children doing the food bowl exercises. 

Next, you will want to test guarding of bones, chews, toys, etc.  Each time you give your puppy a new chew, bone, or toy, hold onto it.  Let them sniff it and sample it, but don't just give it to them.  Ask them to sit.  Offer it for a bit more chewing or investigation.  Let them get a grip on it and then ask them to drop it, or simply trade with you for a high value treat.  If they will happily chew on it while you hold it and they'll trade for the goodies you have, go ahead and give them the new item.  Do this every time you introduce a new toy or chew just to make sure you haven't inadvertently brought an item into your home that your puppy deems so valuable that they will guard and aggressively defend it.

I want to note something here.  I realize that this seems like a lot of work, but for anyone who has ever dealt with a resource guarding puppy or dog, knowing what that dog will guard and what they won't is critical.  Knowing this information helps you, the owner, to make smart choices with regard to what you give your puppy or dog and where you give it to them.  Some dogs that resource guard can only have valuable items when in their crate, for example.  This keeps everyone safe.  And if your puppy or dog hoards an item, not chewing on it or eating it (if it's edible), then perhaps it's wise to remove that item from the list of things that they are even allowed to have. I've known many a dog who can't have bullysticks or bones because they hoarded them and would aggressively guard them, but never ate or chewed on them.

In every home, but especially those with kids, you'll want to test to see if your puppy is guardy with their beds, crates, or spot on the furniture, if you let them up there.  If they are guardy on the furniture, they shouldn't be allowed up there, period. If they guard their bed, put the bed inside an x-pen so that you can better control that defensible area.  If they guard their crate, put the crate in a lower traffic area to decrease the drama around the crate itself.

While it is possible to live with a resource guarding puppy or dog for the entirety of their lives, it isn't always easy and it isn't without some risk.  Each person or family needs to determine for themselves if they are capable of safely managing a resource guarding dog or not.  And if the answer is that they aren't, or they don't want to as that's not what they signed up for when they got the dog, then return them to the breeder, rescue group, etc. Resource guarding aggression isn't a curable problem but it can be manageable.  You just have to the find the right match for the puppy or dog.

Finally, even if your puppy doesn't resource guard, teach them to trade items they have for food; teach them drop it when they pick something up, even if it's theirs, and give them a treat for their compliance; and teach leave it so (hopefully) you can call them off of or away from things you don't want picked up at all.  These are all skills your dog will use for a lifetime.

As always, if you have questions about your pet's behavior, you know where to find me.

Here are Henley and Zelly sharing a new Nylabone.  You can see that there is a second new bone next to Zelly, but she wants to the one Henley has, of course.  They will both chew on that one, at the same time, until someone bores of that game and grabs the other one. This goes on anytime I bring in new toys or chews.  They all want the same one, but they'll share whatever they've got.